| Peer-Reviewed

Investigating Anxiety and Depression in Medical Students with Premenstrual Syndrome

Received: 19 November 2021     Accepted: 23 December 2021     Published: 31 December 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder in women that decreases their emotional, behavioral, and physical functioning. It also affects their family relationships and social and educational activities. Recognizing the factors associated with PMS can be helpful in planning to alleviate the complication. The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiety and depression in medical students with premenstrual syndrome. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 300 students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences took part during three menstrual cycles from August to December in 2016. The participants were selected through convenient sampling. For data gathering, PSST screening questionnaires, Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger Anxiety Scale were utilized. Data analyses were done using T-test, Chi-square, and ANOVA in SPSS 19 (P<0.05). Results: Totally, 137 participants (44.7%) had premenstrual syndrome. This syndrome is more common in the age range 20-25 (61.9%) in unmarried girls (72.4%). Mean menstrual cycle length and bleeding duration were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean score of depression in students with and without PMS was 7.72±5.93 and 5.86±4.88 respectively. In addition, the mean score of anxiety in students with and without PMS was 44.47±7.21 and 42.32±5.74 respectively. Therefore, the two groups were significantly different in terms of depression (p=0.003) and anxiety (p=0.004). Conclusion: The symptoms of anxiety and depression are more common among young and unmarried students with premenstrual syndrome.

Published in Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.16
Page(s) 112-117
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Premenstrual Syndrome, Anxiety, Depression

References
[1] Cheng S-H, Shih C-C, Yang Y-K, Chen K-T, Chang Y-H, Yang Y-CJTKjoms. Factors associated with premenstrual syndrome—A survey of new female university students. 2013; 29 (2): 100-5. 10.1016/j.kjms.2012.08.017. Epub 2013 Jan 3.
[2] Matsumoto T, Egawa M, Kimura T, Hayashi TJBm. A potential relation between premenstrual symptoms and subjective perception of health and stress among college students: a cross-sectional study. 2019; 13 (1): 1-9. 10.1186/s13030-019-0167-y.
[3] Shah NR, Jones J, Aperi J, Shemtov R, Karne A, Borenstein JJO, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a meta-analysis. 2008; 111 (5): 1175. 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31816fd73b.
[4] Safari T, Manzari Tavakoli AR, Kheyr Khah B, Saeedi H, Mahdavinia JJRoHC. The relationship between premenstrual syndrome with anxiety, depression and changes in social relations of women in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2015; 1 (4): 139-41.
[5] Erbil NJAjom. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Turkish women experiencing premenstrual symptoms and correlated factors. 2018; 54 (4): 549-53. 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.10.003.
[6] Abdnezhad R, Simbar M, Sheikhan Z, Mojab F, Nasiri MJTIJoO, Gynecology, Infertility. The effect of Salvia (Sage) extract on the emotional symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. 2017; 20 (10): 84-94. 10.22038/ijogi.2017.10160.
[7] Sohrabi N, Kashanian M, Ghafoori SS, Malakouti SKJCtim. Evaluation of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome:“a pilot trial”. 2013; 21 (3): 141-6. 10.1016/j.ctim.2012.12.008.
[8] Vichnin M, Freeman EW, Lin H, Hillman J, Bui SJJop, gynecology a. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in adolescents: severity and impairment. 2006; 19 (6): 397-402. 10.1016/j.jpag.2006.06.015.
[9] Masoumi SZ, Alamoti MK, Shobeiri F, Roshanaei G, Mohaghahi HJRJoP, Biological, Sciences C. Evaluating the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among female undergraduate students of School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan university of medical sciences in Iran. 2016; 7 (2): 831-7. 10.29252/ijrm.15.11.679.
[10] Shariati K, Ghazavi H, Saeidi M, Ghahremani S, Shariati A, Aryan H, et al. Psychotherapy for Depression and Anxiety in Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2019; 7 (3): 9169-79. 10.22038/ijp.2018.36729.3197.
[11] Forrester-Knauss C, Stutz EZ, Weiss C, Tschudin SJBph. The interrelation between premenstrual syndrome and major depression: results from a population-based sample. 2011; 11 (1): 1-11. 10.1186/1471-2458-11-795.
[12] Tadakawa M, Takeda T, Monma Y, Koga S, Yaegashi NJBm. The prevalence and risk factors of school absenteeism due to premenstrual disorders in Japanese high school students—a school-based cross-sectional study. 2016; 10 (1): 1-7. 10.1186/s13030-016-0067-3.
[13] Tolossa FW, Bekele MLJBwsh. Prevalence, impacts and medical managements of premenstrual syndrome among female students: cross-sectional study in college of health sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. 2014; 14 (1): 1-9. 10.1186/1472-6874-14-52.
[14] Safarzadeh A, Ghoreishinia G, Rakhshkhorshid M, Zare S, Yousefabadi SRJGJoHS. Investigation of Premenstrual Syndrome among the Students of Medical Sciences. 2017; 9 (3): 193. 10.5539/gjhs.v9n3p193.
[15] Steiner M, Macdougall M, Brown EJAoWsMH. The premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) for clinicians. 2003; 6 (3): 203-9. 10.1007/s00737-003-0018-4.
[16] Hariri FZ, Moghaddam-Banaem L, Bazi SS, Malehi AS, Montazeri AJAowsmh. The Iranian version of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST): a validation study. 2013; 16 (6): 531-7. 10.1007/s00737-013-0375-6.
[17] Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh JJAogp. An inventory for measuring depression. 1961; 4 (6): 561-71.
[18] Hamidi R, Fekrizadeh Z, Azadbakht M, Garmaroudi G, Taheri Tanjani P, Fathizadeh S, et al. Validity and reliability Beck depression inventory-II among the Iranian elderly population. 2015; 22 (1): 189-98. 10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.
[19] Spielberger, C.D.State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0943
[20] Abdoli N, Farnia V, Salemi S, Davarinejad O, Jouybari TA, Khanegi M, et al. Reliability and validity of Persian version of state-trait anxiety inventory among high school students. 2020; 30 (2): 44. 10.12809/eaap1870.
[21] Masoumi SZ, Ataollahi M, Oshvandi KJJocs. Effect of combined use of calcium and vitamin B6 on premenstrual syndrome symptoms: a randomized clinical trial. 2016; 5 (1): 67. 10.15171/jcs.2016.007.
[22] Naeimi NJJoB, Medicines. The prevalence and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome under examination. 2015; 3 (01): 1. 10.4236/jbm.2015.31001.
[23] Hashim R, Ayyub A, Hameed S, Qamar K, Ali S, Raza GJPAFMJ. Premenstrual syndrome: messes with my academic performance. 2014; 64 (2): 199-203.
[24] Tsegaye D, Getachew YJMh, neonatology, perinatology. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among female health science students in Wollo University, Ethiopia, 2017/18. 2019; 5 (1): 1-8. 10.1186/s40748-019-0102-z.
[25] Mohamadirizi S, Kordi MJIjon, research m. Association between menstruation signs and anxiety, depression, and stress in school girls in Mashhad in 2011-2012. 2013; 18 (5): 402.
[26] Carvalho VCPd, Cantilino A, Carreiro NMP, Sá LFd, Sougey EBJRdPdRGdS. Effects of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among college students. 2009; 31: 105-11.
[27] Firoozi R, Kafi M, Salehi I, Shirmohammadi MJIjop. The relationship between severity of premenstrual syndrome and psychiatric symptoms. 2012; 7 (1): 36.
[28] Willi J, Süss H, Grub J, Ehlert UJM. Biopsychosocial predictors of depressive symptoms in the perimenopause—findings from the Swiss Perimenopause Study. 2021; 28 (3): 247-54. 10.1097/GME.0000000000001704.
[29] Bhuvaneswari K, Rabindran P, Bharadwaj BJTNmjoI. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its impact on quality of life among selected college students in Puducherry. 2019; 32 (1): 17. 10.4103/0970-258X.272109.
[30] Vakilian K GR, Ghare-shiran SY, Rahmani A. The Relationship between Test Anxiety and the Incidence and Type of Menstrual Disorders in the Case of Students of University of Medical Sciences: A Longitudinal Study. Int Arch Nurs Health Care. 2016; 5: 1-7. 10.23937/2469-5823/1510058.
[31] Yazdani F SB. Relationship between test anxiety and academic performance among midwives students. Health System Research. 2012; 7: 1178-87.
[32] Acikgoz A, Dayi A, Binbay TJSmj. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its relationship to depressive symptoms in first-year university students. 2017; 38 (11): 1125. 10.15537/smj.2017.11.20526.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Razhan Chehreh, Batol Solaimannzhad, Zolaykha Karamelahi, Sara Mohammadnjad. (2021). Investigating Anxiety and Depression in Medical Students with Premenstrual Syndrome. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 7(4), 112-117. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.16

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Razhan Chehreh; Batol Solaimannzhad; Zolaykha Karamelahi; Sara Mohammadnjad. Investigating Anxiety and Depression in Medical Students with Premenstrual Syndrome. J. Fam. Med. Health Care 2021, 7(4), 112-117. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.16

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Razhan Chehreh, Batol Solaimannzhad, Zolaykha Karamelahi, Sara Mohammadnjad. Investigating Anxiety and Depression in Medical Students with Premenstrual Syndrome. J Fam Med Health Care. 2021;7(4):112-117. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.16

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.16,
      author = {Razhan Chehreh and Batol Solaimannzhad and Zolaykha Karamelahi and Sara Mohammadnjad},
      title = {Investigating Anxiety and Depression in Medical Students with Premenstrual Syndrome},
      journal = {Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {112-117},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfmhc.20210704.16},
      abstract = {Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder in women that decreases their emotional, behavioral, and physical functioning. It also affects their family relationships and social and educational activities. Recognizing the factors associated with PMS can be helpful in planning to alleviate the complication. The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiety and depression in medical students with premenstrual syndrome. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 300 students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences took part during three menstrual cycles from August to December in 2016. The participants were selected through convenient sampling. For data gathering, PSST screening questionnaires, Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger Anxiety Scale were utilized. Data analyses were done using T-test, Chi-square, and ANOVA in SPSS 19 (PResults: Totally, 137 participants (44.7%) had premenstrual syndrome. This syndrome is more common in the age range 20-25 (61.9%) in unmarried girls (72.4%). Mean menstrual cycle length and bleeding duration were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean score of depression in students with and without PMS was 7.72±5.93 and 5.86±4.88 respectively. In addition, the mean score of anxiety in students with and without PMS was 44.47±7.21 and 42.32±5.74 respectively. Therefore, the two groups were significantly different in terms of depression (p=0.003) and anxiety (p=0.004). Conclusion: The symptoms of anxiety and depression are more common among young and unmarried students with premenstrual syndrome.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Investigating Anxiety and Depression in Medical Students with Premenstrual Syndrome
    AU  - Razhan Chehreh
    AU  - Batol Solaimannzhad
    AU  - Zolaykha Karamelahi
    AU  - Sara Mohammadnjad
    Y1  - 2021/12/31
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.16
    T2  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    JF  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    JO  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
    SP  - 112
    EP  - 117
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8342
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20210704.16
    AB  - Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder in women that decreases their emotional, behavioral, and physical functioning. It also affects their family relationships and social and educational activities. Recognizing the factors associated with PMS can be helpful in planning to alleviate the complication. The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiety and depression in medical students with premenstrual syndrome. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 300 students at Ilam University of Medical Sciences took part during three menstrual cycles from August to December in 2016. The participants were selected through convenient sampling. For data gathering, PSST screening questionnaires, Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger Anxiety Scale were utilized. Data analyses were done using T-test, Chi-square, and ANOVA in SPSS 19 (PResults: Totally, 137 participants (44.7%) had premenstrual syndrome. This syndrome is more common in the age range 20-25 (61.9%) in unmarried girls (72.4%). Mean menstrual cycle length and bleeding duration were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean score of depression in students with and without PMS was 7.72±5.93 and 5.86±4.88 respectively. In addition, the mean score of anxiety in students with and without PMS was 44.47±7.21 and 42.32±5.74 respectively. Therefore, the two groups were significantly different in terms of depression (p=0.003) and anxiety (p=0.004). Conclusion: The symptoms of anxiety and depression are more common among young and unmarried students with premenstrual syndrome.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

  • Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

  • Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

  • Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

  • Sections